References

Brainwashing, LSD, and CIA: Historical and Ethical Perspective

Buckman, J; International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 23, No. 1, 8-19 (1977)

The history of various attempts at thought control and chemical warfare is briefly reviewed. Brainwashing, thought control, industrial and national espionage, and covert activities are becoming more sophisticated. These issues have been revived and accentuated by the Vietnam war, the Middle East Crisis, Watergate, the CIA investigations and the Patty Hearst trial. Historical perspective and the ethical implications of these activities are explored. It is suggested that there is a growing level of individual and international mistrust amounting to paranoia and compli cating the issues of individual freedom, civil rights and human experimentation.

Web Resource: isp.sagepub.com

---

Keywords: LSD, brainwashing, CIA